1 10 655 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/3f6b2f8a0efdb74a318e2da3d5a54a0b.mp4?Expires=1781740800&Signature=sn5VyOSi%7EQCLLd81yf%7EbZkzB%7E5eHl4jCmyA4h%7EfUmE-a%7E3PBSD6TUEW0JW9A0Z-h0rziCKRYVVEO7pHCFd2enP5F-cLVTdINNIRtZhKFWsHof5sVlf9zWQuHVqJ8VvqBK57G66ageN9BNDAkvYYX%7EdlNS-l2Ltt1TIdq%7E3EuXXdhLXXoQNEc%7ESn0msFfL%7ErHZhlJkk7X7CrgaeyHi2pRPA26UCvoIXo4DSqLnwqRdLYPYgNeyldFSAg21sRw9fQcwH49de8gwREZIG%7ECsRuC8HE%7Er2oIdgu4plk8gwRWAYZ7ECtytDt-Lozf-t05KeGZZa4g%7ERg58VYivr0afgW-Tw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM a63a8bc6cb7224cf565a4292b18acc23 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 39 seconds Producer Name (or names) of the person who produced the video USMA Center for Oral History Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound I got my first call from the Prime Minister, who told me that the president's plane had been shot down and that we had to maintain calm. And I said, well, the best way for you to maintain calm is you stay safe. And we got to get you to the national radio stations, because radio in Rwanda was nearly the voice of God. There was no TV or other means. And so people lived by the radio. And so if we could get her to the radio station in time, in a safe way, to talk to the people, to stay calm, we might be able to keep control on the situation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource General Dallaire recounts events immediately following the April 6, 2994 downing of the plane carrying the president of Rwanda Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dallaire, Roméo Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and the USMA Center for Oral History Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2021 October 21 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource USMA Center for Oral History Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource video Language A language of the resource English Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 April 6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/22f796b6634cee30aa3253beb875f586.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=XQGGjsLOd9noa1DqMPke1Wk1HUzNe2DN8M9uH3VwWyENQA0BbP4nwfyHJiaYeK%7ERYOPwI5C2lPwYBd-cTbPwPmwjgfV0OzRKKOD-BRjp39-JaciZ0yZpJORbgBx9ZMJu3-XKgN7fPAPUbYmSrShCTPF4eRh74gfQvGsiQ9UhTQsLHS%7E23mQNVssy3g1w08p-oFii2NVnpiNCeKtigwUnRfLnlMPmo5VxTP-KnP42sZT-sKoLmniRStYvQM%7EGZ7QeQJSs7qYZ9vKeR5YYJWS7OZR1jVC1lzsbP-hR8l80XkhfzMM3FbFWCmVN3TXej1mgDbZugjI4OINRZHj7KRujtw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 4e4ecf656119a8d23a034746f1f0a47a PDF Text Text UNAMIR INTER-OFFICE MEMORANDUM • To: File No: 1000.01 (FC) CAO From: Info: Date Subject: HEARTS AND MINDS CAMPAIGN Reference: \ i 1. At present, several members of my staff are commencing preparations for a hearts and minds campaign to create a greater degree of understanding of the military divisions mandate and operations and to foster greater support from the civilian population of Rwanda. 2. Some of our efforts will be in the area of information with leaflets, press releases and possibly a radio station. 3. Other efforts will be in the area of public events like a Run For Peace, in Kigali, after the establishment of the Broad-Based Transitional Government. 4. Another area of effort will be in medical assistance by our field hospital to the local population from King Faisel Hospital. 5. Each element of the military division has been tasked with "adopting" a school or orphanage and attempting to provide some form of charity assistance to the institution. 6. A final area, we would like to pursue is in the distribution ·of some form of toy like a balI or a pin by our patrols to the local children. Given our budget restraints, it is doubtful if we will have funds to purchase such items, but I would like to request that your staff inquire to see if any unused items from previous missions is in stock in Pisa or another facility or if we could receive a donation of items from a charity or UN ( ie UNICEF) organization. 7. Any assistance or advice you could provide in this area would be very much appreciated in assisting our campaign. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource UNAMIR Inter-Office Memorandum 1994 January 17 Hearts and Minds Campaign Description An account of the resource Outline of a plan to increase trust between UNAMIR and the Rwandese, as of January 17, 1994. The plan includes a request for a U.N. radio station. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dallaire, Roméo A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and the Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 January 17 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s01_ss02 1994 January 17 F170 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 January 17 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/7333073cce3eb6f6b45bb4f7dbee9564.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=LBOdlVJKM%7E6PwXiTw4z6Qj0udDzLCPeIxN16d3tZWfp1Hx3MCT8U-xV9s3-adRyy053D3Vx6MBP7HZIxuVoKU4LG7HWK-%7EG1OKDpRTLCJBsjsoxV5RLgdUZVM5JrM1a6hi8aUFYUzpS0Dfh%7EaTpL9QU6V2PQwBd9xPUim3R4dIPcvFynOEJDHsvVqw8zeOco5Jsk2onzAN5aXysPE%7ELXCuwdcXyCcYCVsgFJT5r17krIJsjkkniUIaBvbNZ1xih-hr2FJfCTbJR1ewl5rejcwSj6Fvw0Cnv5CeL18PJFhVF0vUGXMsN0Gq0zcyAa3yT01th2WcmyEa9VeHIpe6v1Ug__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cda11ebd51529987c7d0ddb18ba00a25 PDF Text Text \... <! - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - Cl iJJ ~J-----===========:=== UNAMIR INTER-OFFICE MEMORANDUM • To: CAO From: FC Info: PIO !) Date File No: 1000. 01 (FC) January 1994 Subject: REQUEST FOR A RADIO STATION Reference: dated Report of the Reconnaissance Mission to Rwanda 11 September 1993 1. In the reference, a requirement was identified for a small UN radio station for UNAMIR in Kigali. 2. I directed my A\MA, Maj Beardsley to investigate the possibility of obtaining a radio station, within our present budget constraints. Radio is the major means of communication in Rwanda. Illiteracy and the lack of television, leave radio as the major mode of communication for UNAMIR. The option of renting local radio station time was dismissed as an option because there is no guarantee we will get the air time when we need it. 3. It is a critical operational and welfare requirement that we obtain such a station for the following reasons: a. We require the means to disseminate operational information to the local population in French and Kinyarwanda, without having it filtered by the local and partisan media. For example we need to explain to the local population the restrictions imposed on fire arms by the KWSA agreement. At present the population is largely uninformed except by filtered reports. We need to have the ability to provide national news to our various national contingents. local c. We need to have the ability to educate population on Human Rights and Democracy. d. We need to have the ability to warn the local riots, population areas, of mined dangers ie demonstrations, etc. the �e. We need to have the ability to respond to accusations by partisan political groups, issue communiques, conduct talk shows, conduct interviews, address the public on major issues etc . f. We need to have the ability to provide our troops with national entertainment ie music, addresses by visiting dignitaries or contingent commanders etc. • 3. All of the above reasons demonstrate an urgent requirement for a radio station. Maj Beardsley in conversation with the CCO obtained a recommendation we would like to see pursued as it would satisfy our requirement at minimal cost. The CCO stated he believed an FM radio studio with equipment and transmitter from UNTAC is in storage in PISA. If this is the case could you assist us with the expertise of your staff in setting a budget, obtaining . permission to transmit, shipping the equipment and installing the equipment in Rwanda. 4. This urgent operational and welfare requirement is submitted for your advice and assistance. R Bria Force Commander - 2 - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1994 January 13 - Request for a Radio Station Description An account of the resource Letter to Chief Administrator requesting a small radio station in Kigali--a requirement which was earlier identified in the 1993 September Rwanda Reconnaissance Mission report. Comment on cover handwritten by General Dallaire states, "Losing the PR battle, need this. No support at all. Canada. It never came to pass." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dallaire, Roméo A., Force Commander Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 January 13 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s01_ss01 1994 January 13 - F170 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 January 13 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1994 January 13 - Request for a Radio Station Description An account of the resource Interoffice memorandum from UNAMIR Force Commander, General Roméo Dallaire to the Chief Administrative Officer requesting a small radio station in Kigali and referencing an earlier report of the Reconnaissance Mission to Rwanda 1993 September 11 which identified the need for a small UN radion station for UNAMIR in Kigali. A handwritten note by General Dallaire on the first page reads, "Losing the PR battle, need this. No support at all. Canada, but never came to pass." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Dallaire, Roméo A. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and the Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 January 13 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s01_ss01 1994 January 13 F170 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 January 13 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/17d965627ed2ac8707f86d9db1b883cd.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=b0r7ZD9H2wqDpPsi6ehwCBURSXQAAMAH-EtsdZWdR%7EP8y8dyCc4fdZqZZiLrAFvVLCVehSFzZhp%7EU8gAtW%7EiiWRoLBj7Ogl-hQg5YaRZEZiU0LhQ%7EMxkweP%7E6V%7Edno5w6KkF9KKYcKg5KC8Lhpwf9dEfWehwyNZ0xeG5gXQxxkcK5Tv7uY4uzkXl8Qb7dnw67-26O6MRIZgfNohSCUva2L20M7lhvPM5RSdJAdjdvy1lRdvGAr3CfZ8u9q-HfAr0IEbAGDkKyEE3guzD9ktBD7hEqMAJNnKmierOM1gGceoyGDDnXHFJbUbLcKmfnyaIFUlpJd2yMIbrKvxbDZ9RDw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d22f4ceef4af2a3f7b58a7d389956bb4 PDF Text Text 1 • PROJET D'INFORMATION ET D'EDUCATION DU PEUPLE RWANDAIS ETUDE REALISE DANS LE CADRE DE LA MISSION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ASSISTANCE AU RWANDA Par Maître NDASHIMYE Bernardin Administrateur de l'Agence PODIUM Kigali Janvier 1994 �r 1' f PLAN O. INTRODUCTION 1. Source d'inspiration 2. Intérêt du travail I. DE LA CAMPAGNE D'ALERTE AUX DANGERS DES MINES A. OPPORTUNITE D'INTERVENTION B. MOYENS A METRE EN OEUVRE 1. 2. 3. 4. Des spbts publicitaires Des dépliants à distribuer ou à afficher De la formation sur terrain Des message donnés par les brigadiers, les responsables des centres scolaires et les chefs r~ligieux. . 5. Des annonces dans les journaux C. BESOINS FINANCl:ERS 1. Dépenses relatives aux spots publicitaires a. Dépenses relatives à la conception b. Dépenses relatives à la diffusion 2. Dépenses relatives aux dépliants a. Frais de conception b. Frais d'imprimerie ·- ... 3. Dépense relatives à la formation sur terrain a. Frais pour la formation de 40 formateurs b. Frais pour les descentes c. Divers imprévus 4. Dépenses relatives aux annonces dans les journaux a. Conception b. Frais de publication II. DE L'INTERVENTION AUX PEUPLES RWANDAIS A LA COLLABORATION AVEC LA MINUAR A. OPPORTUNITE DE L'INTERVENTION B. MOYENS A _METTRE EN OEUVRE 1. Dépliant à mettre en oeuvre 2. Des spots publicitaires 3. Des annonces dans les journaux C. BESOINS FINANCIERS 1. Dépenses relatives aux spots publicitaires 2. Dépenses relatives aux dépliants 3. Dépenses relatives aux annonces dans les journaux �1 • r III. DE L'INFORMATION AUX REFUGIES A. OPPORTUNITE DE L'INFORMATION B. MOYENS A METTRE EN OEUVRE 1. Messages à diffuser aux radios des pays limitrophes du Rwanda 2. Des spots publicitaires 3. Des dépliants C. BESOINS FINANCIERS 1. Dépenses relatives au message 2. Dépenses relatives aux spots publicitaires 3. Dépenses relatives aux dépliants CONCLUSION -,Î ANNEXE: Lettre du 4 Janvier 1994 Rapport du secrétaire général de l'ONU (S2688) I' 3 �INTRODUCTION ~ 1. Source d'inspiration C'est en lisant le discours du Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies au Conseil de Sécurité du.24.Sept.1993 (rapport No S2688) que nous avons eu l'idée de collaborer avec la MINUAR sur l'exécution du projet d'information et d'éducation du peuple Rwandais. Car, il est vrai que c'est rapport même qui d'une façon plus ou moins exhaustive essayait d'énumérer quels devaient être les domaines d'intervention de la Mission des Nations Unies pour l'Assistance au Rwanda qui allait être dépêchée sur Kigali. Dans la suite, à tête reposée, nous avons essayé de murir l'idée et par notre initiative avons suggéré d'être votre partenaire du moins dans un domaine qui est le notre à savoir la sensibilisation et l'information à grande échelle. Peu après, nous avons commencé nos premiers contacts avec la MINUAR par le truchement de l'Ambassadeur Bonaventure UBALIJORO en sa qualité d'agent de liaison entre la MINUAR et le Gouvernement Rwandais. C'est ce dernier qui nous a mis en contact avec le responsable du Bureau d'information, éducation et presse, Monsieur Pierre MERU avec qui dans la suite nous avons eu des entretiens et à la demande de qui nous avons remis un mémo qui sommairement expliquait ce que nous souhaitions faire pour vous. Et, assez satisfait de son contenu qu'il avait expliqué à ces collaborateurs, Monsi~ur MERU nous invita à détailler notre mémo et surtout de l'~ccompagner des besoins financiers que nécessité l'exécution du projet. C'est donc dans ce cadre que s'inscrit le présent document que nous soumettons à la MINUAR. 2. Intérêt du travail Pour mieux réussir les objectifs de sa leçon, l'instituteur doit connaître ses élèves. De même pour former, informer, il faut connaître suffisamment le destinataire. Ainsi, nous semble t-il, à la MINUAR s'impose la nécessité d'un collaborateur local qui, imprégné des réalités du pays serait un bon partenaire dans ses besoins d'information, d'éducation et de sensibilisation. En sus de cela, un autre argument plaide pour la nécessité de chercher un collaborateur local: pour pouvoir communiquer il faut connaître le langage du destinataire (langue, moeurs, coutumes, tabous, significations de gestes, de couleur, dans une société donnée). Ainsi, l'intérêt du projet est d'autant plus important que ses grandes lignes se retrouvent dans le rapport du Secrétaire général des Nations Unies au Conseil de Sécurité du 4 �,. 24. Sept. 1993 (S2688) spécialement dans ses 54ème et 57ème paragraphes. Pour mettre un point à cette partie introductive de l'étude que nous avons faite sur le projet d'information et éducation du peuple rwandais, nous précisions que son champ d'action se résume en trois domaines d'intervention que sont la campagne d'alerte aux dangers des mines (I), l'invitation du peuple rwandais à collaborer avec la MINUAR (II) ,et l'information au réfugiés (III). I. DE LA CAMPAGNE D'ALERTE AUX DANGER DES MINES A. OPPORTUNITE DE L'INTERVENTION •. .___) Couteux peut être, le projet d'alerter les rwandais aux dangers des mines est aussi salutaire pour les milliers d'honnêtes paysans, d'innocents enfants bergers ou allant puiser de l'eau, qui risquent de sauter sur l'une ou l'autre mine placée par les antagonistes d'hier dans les zones de combat. A cet égard, notre projet se bornera à transmettre profondément le message d'alerte aux dangers des mines contenant toutes les informations préventives(par quoi se reconnait une mine, les dangers d'une mine, urgence en cas d'accident, que faire pour ne pas sauter dessus) à toutes les couches de la population (illettrés ou pas, possesseurs des postes de radio ou pas, ruraux ou citadins) et d'une façon particulières aux populations des préfectures Byumba et Ruhengeri théâtre de durs affrontements des deux belligérants de la guerre d'octobre. Le projet présente encore un intérêt dans un pays comme le Rwanda, où les tous premiers destinataires (habitants de la zone de combat) sont dépourvus de tous les moyens d'information car un grand nombre d'entre eux sont analphabètes et leurs postes de Radio ont été soit pillées soit vendues à un prix vil pour leur survie. C'est ici que l'intervention de la MINUAR ce'Sse d'être un devoir pour devenir une obligation du moins morale. A cet égard, divers moyens seront mis en oeuvre soit séparément, soit cumulativement pour que le message d'alerte aille droit aux destinataires: B. MOYENS A METTRE EN OEUVRE Comme nous l'avons dit ci-haut, il faudra des moyens assez diversifiés pour pouvoir toucher toutes les couches de la population: de la radio, aux journaux et dépliants en passant par les descentes sur terrain et communiqués lus sur les places publiques. 1. Les spots publicitaires radio contenant un message d'alerte aux dangers des mines 5 �1 . Pourquoi des spots publicitaires et non d'ordinaires émissions et messages donnés à la radio? En effet, vis à vis des autres émissions et messages donnés à la radio, des spots publicitaires présentent un avantage certain: - Leur contenu bref et prec1s moins ennuyant est facilement retenu en toute entièreté. - Souvent précédés par un indicatif fort (élément sonores en musique, en cris naturels ou autres bruitages) qui attire l'attention des auditeurs; ils ne passent pas inaperçus et sont de ce fait écoutés par beaucoup d'auditeurs. -, - Placés aux temps forts de la journée (très tôt le matin, juste avant et après le journal parlé ou les communiqués nécrologiques, au cours des émissions les plus envi~es) les spots pl{blicitaires ont le plus de chance de tomber dans l'oriel de la majorité des auditeurs. - Psychologiquement étudiés et minutieusement analysés, les spots publicitaires véhiculent un message qui laisse des commentaires, qui laisse des traces dans l'esprit des auditeurs car ils sont souvent exprimés sous forme d'une mise en scène ou d'un monologue au rythme poétique garnis d'humour ou de phrases hautement émotionnelle. 2. Les dépliants à distribuer et à afficher Comparés aux spots publ~citaires, le dépliant présente un autre avantage que nul ne peut ignorer: celui de pouvoir exprimer les gestes et les mouvements car il peut contenir des photos ou des dessins. La sagesse romaine nous apprend que "scripta manent verba volent" Il en va ainsi du dépliant car grâce à celui-ci le message pourra se transmettre de main à main tout en gardant fidèlement son contenu originaire contrairement au message oral qui en se transmettant de bouche à oreille est sujet à diverses détériorations et transformations de tout genre. A cet effet, le dépliant aura pour support les dessins et autres illustrations expressives du message; le dépliant sera en outre caractérisé par sa brièveté, sa clarté, sa précision et sa concision,_ Après, les dépliants suivront un double circuit pour leurs distribution: le circuit Préfecture-Commune-SecteurCellule que nous appelons circuit des institutions politicoadministrative ou le circuit Arrondissement scolaireinspection scolaire-Direction scolaire-Centre scolaire que nous appelons circuit des organes de l'éducation. 3. De la formation sur terrain comme moyen d'alerte aux 6 �1 1 dangers des mines. 1 • 1 Ce moyen nous permettra de nous adresser à ceux là en plus de ne pas avoir de postes de radio ni chez eux n leur proche voisinage, ne savent pas lire les dépliants t autre communiqués écrits ou même ne les auront pas reçus. nous nous permettons de souligner l'ultime nécessité de Ct formation sur terrain même si est elle couteuse. Dans le but de renforcer la nécessité de recourir à cet méthode pour atteindre l'objectif d'alerter les rwandais aux dangers des mines, soulignons qu'elle présente un autre avantage: celui de permettre de toucher la zone à sensibilise dans toutes ses dimensions car il est vrai, il se fonde morcellement géographique de la zone à sensibiliser. Concernant la mise en oeuvre de cette méthode, une triple démarche nous est imposée: En premier lieu nous recevrons les spécialistes de la MINUAR le message brut d'alerte aux dangers des mines et nous le traduisons en Kinyarwanda et dans le contexte rwandais. En deuxième lieu nous même procéderons à la formation d'une équipe de 40 personnes qui vont nous aider à former nos antennes dans les communes. Parmi les 40 formateurs, 33 seront directement prêts à descendre dans les 33 communes des préfectures Byumba et Ruhengeri et les 7 autres seront en réserve en attendant de remplacer l'un ou l'autre des 33 qui serait empêché. La formation s'étendra sur trois jours au cours desquels ils apprendront le contenu du message à transmettre et ses mécanisme de transmission (carte géographique, méthodologie, facilité d'intégration etc ... ) En troisième lieu chaque formateur parmi les 33 se rendra dans une des 33 communes (16 de Ruhengeri et 17 de Byumba). Là, ils vont expliquer aux responsables des centres scolaires, conseillers communaux et représentant religieux le contenu du message dont une copie écrite leur sera laissée. Il importe peu de signaler que la transmi~sion du message rentrant dans l'exécution quqtidienne des tâches dévolues aux antennes cihaut énumérés (conseillers communaux, responsables des centres scolaires et représentants religieux), le formateur leur invitera sans insister à une fidèle transmission surtout que leurs responsables hiérarchiques auront été préalablement avisés. 4. Du message donné par les représentants religieux, les brigadiers communaux et les responsables des centres scolaires Les représentants religieux: abbés, pasteurs et imams après la célébration pourront (et c'est un devoir de charité) lire aux fidèles les explications du message d'alerte qui leur aura été remis. De même feront les responsables des centres scolaires aux enseignants, aux élèves et leurs parents lors de 7 �i i la réunion de l'école, de même le feront les brigadiers · communaux où leur émissaires à l'aide d'un porte voix sur les places publiques (marchés, réunion communale ... ) En guise de précision, ici nous ne voulons et nous ne pouvons d'ailleurs pas être exhaustifs quand à l'énumération des lieux de prédication du message car chaque fois qu'un rassemblement public s'improvisera les responsables locaux en profiteront. le soucis est d'ordre public. S. Des annonces dans les journaux. Ce dernier moyen loin d'être aussi efficace que les quatre premiers (éàr nous aurons à nous adresser à un public à majorité analphabètes et dont la majorité du peu de lettrés qu'il y a n'ont pas de moyens pour se procurer un journal) n'est pas à négliger pour une raison majeur avancée par la quasi totalité des stratèges de la communication: en effet on n'apprend pas ··seulement ce qu'on a lu soi même plutôt souvent ce qu'on apprend l'on l'apprend par ceux qui l'ont lu. C'est sur cette réflexion que nous nous permettons de projeter que les messages dans les''"journaux pourront être lu par l'élite intellectuel local qui naturellement en ferra des commentaires ou pourra les raconter à ses voisins, ses collègues, ses subalternes ou autres membres de son entourage. C. LES BESOINS FINANCIERS 1. Les dépenses relatives aux spots publicitaires-radio a. Dépenses relatives à lq. conc.eption, réalisation et production "· Achat de la bande magnétique = 5.000 Frais de location studio d'entraînement = 15.000 Rémunération des acteurs ................... = 20.000 Droits d'auteurs du texte et des élément sonores ............................ = 40.000 Travaux de mixage et contrôle du son ........ = 15.000 Déplacement des acteurs ..................... = 5.000 Divers (logistiques) ....................... = 5.000 TOTAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = 1 0 5 . 0 0 0 b~-Dépenses relatives à la diffusion Le côut de diffusion à la radio Rwanda est le suivant: 80 Frs par le seconde le matin 30 Frs par seconde à midi 60 Frs par seconde le soir 100 Frs par seconde au cours de la diffusion du théâtre ou d'une autre émission ou reportage 8 ' �t: • • ,. On en déduit que pour nos ~pots publicitaires qui en · moyenne seront de 50 secondes chacun, la diffusion pendant 3 jours le matin, à midi, le soir et 5 fois au cours d'une pièce théâtrale radiodiffusée côutera: Les matinées:80 Frs X 50 X 30 = 120.000 Les midis: 30 Frs X 50 X 30 = 45.000 60 Frs X 50 X 30 Les soirs: = 90.000 Cinq fois mardi soir au cours du théâtre: 100 Frs X 50 X 15 = 25.000 Coût total de diffusion = 280.000 Soit Coût de conception+ Coût de diffusion Frs Frs Frs Frs Frs 280.000 + 104.000 = 384.000 Frs 2. Coût des dépliants à distribuer ou à afficher . Frais relatifs à l'élaboration, analyse des textes et honoraires de l'artiste dessinateur: 30.000 Frs . Frais d'imprimerie: 40 Frs/pièce et pour 10.000 dépliants soit 333 dépliant par commune de Ruhengeri et de Byurnba. Le coût sera: 40 Frs x 10.000 = 400.000 Frs . TOTAL: ................... = 430. 000fRS 3. Coût de la formation sur terrain Frais pour la formation de 40 formateurs pendant Frais de restauration: 1000 Frs x 3 x 40 = Frais de logement: 1250 Frs x 3 x 40 = Jetons de présence: 3000 Frs x 3 x 40 = Soit Coût total de la formation 3 jours 120.000 Frs 150.000 Frs 360.000 Frs = 630.000 Frs Frais de descente dans les communes pour les 33 formateurs . Frais de location moye~ de déplacement: 5000x33= 160.500 . Frais de carburant pour 33 formateurs: 4000x33= 130.200 . Frais de restauration 1000x33= 33.000 . Jetons de présence 3000x33= 99.000 429.000 TOTAL 100.000 Divers imprévus 1.159.000 Frs Coût total de la formation 4. Coût des annonces dans les journaux Conception des slogans: 10.000 Frs 9 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Communication and Education Project for the Rwandan People - UNAMIR - 1994 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 January Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Relation A related resource Lieutenant General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource English, French Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s01_ss02 1994 January F170 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 January Description An account of the resource Proposed professional media campaign to promote awareness of the UNAMIR mission. Written in French and authored by a Rwandan national. Has written comments on the cover by General Dallaire stating, "Never Funded." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ndashimye, Bernardin Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/89d9e9d125ef4391812ff9698999b24b.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=QsTsjvY8kt-IcXZC6dmuKev6lz0gDR4ajjkAjXPoBloam8fU3zYP3Q9wmuI64e0NRF0XF3AU7HENFN6ScxuEZR7%7E3fnJLFOK07K91QUpk1xfjXF-TsWa4Fq4A2u-Jje-JbkxlGLIoPn5Clv9%7EfHDdzoR1TxnDzZ6Waz1zlbXKdCgQ2yXCc3qabxBryE46lKOfKWhdisZnqu00%7EFG0-p94vIDi8iU%7EbsoL9dlgL-kR5q8c1hDJlIm6yXnqITJXqZnC9Xw7BsAnKARMaz4x5ygJfZzD-kH2e6%7EKe1g63MOUikoRu3KDS%7Ej2Hvc3obVO3sd86XyvdkDwxTXZBHDRBR8OQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 342a60e226601681b5d23a78fcd55868 PDF Text Text . . . . . . .. . . ¢N . '.•z r / . ' . •. . . ' '( . . . ""';" Nnd,n, o,,,,,,, "'"'"" ' ..,,..,,.,.•., ••• •••• I.a Mt.rs/on d 'obur1•arlo11 des Nati<m,1 FAX NO: CMO/025/93 29 NOVEMBER 1993 TO : / '8 07-84265 SUBJECT : 1. \ 2.. FORCE COMMANDER UNAMIR FAX NO : 1u,f[nnd1i/Rwunda FROM · AZA , UNOMUR LE FAX NO : " ~6 486 -238)6 COMMUNICAT!ONS UWFICULTIES PLEASE BE ADVI~E}) THAT lll' TO FOUR (4) PATROL 4X4 CARS IIA VE ALL THEIR MOUNTED VHF SETS UNSERVICEABLE. THIS JS BADLY AFFECTING OUR PATROL ACTIVITY . SITUATION MTGHT WOH.ScN IN IH.t, N.t.X T 11 APPEAR S rHE 'FEW t'JAYS. SINCE WE DON'T HAVE ANY RADIO TECHNICIAN, WE REQUEST 2. THAT THE CCO (MR ALBRTGTSEN) COMES BACK TO SORT OUT THIS PROBLE.v1 AT THE EARLIEST CONY EN IEN( E. 3. 2;0 0 THANKING YOU IN ADVA'l( :E. (<µ;,, ( d. 1, q (rr C/fO ce,o t. ' i' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1993 November 29 FAX Communications Difficulties Description An account of the resource FAX to General Dallaire requesting technician support for four unserviceable vehicle mounted radios which are hindering patrol activities. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Matiwaza, A/CMO, UNOMUR Kabale Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1993 November 29 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR, UNOMUR Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s01_s02 1993 November 29 F168 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1993 November 29 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/ce66c98d6b4174c8291670c74db634f7.PDF?Expires=1781740800&Signature=iN0-XV83wwugOxqK-lONTvJNaxyGQYUsVM3s8qEud%7Eavq%7Eqa4fuUOWrjLQ%7EpcKMGu8RKT-ZQtULL48NRQyNaso0G2SBaenSWPUrbMxf60GCDrT49eTPZPuLiv12Ow7mjwjdMBfQhMCt9AwGweFtBTTwSs4Pt4MOeWVBH82X3hTxaJ0pZNvBlbkCGcLzyAgt4n10AsMAbgHcIiLk2jnxR6zwbsQJmignsMSSeHEeN5t%7EToWae%7EKD5J83ksCsEuzTG2gD2KsXZiB65n32YB3FvngB6JGAz-ZCOYTBFj6SjGpKfM8vcyvm-dxY4LAbyw7SgsSfYbS7R6JFJmCOHjhVWqA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM cb570fcd2d7525a9371ed15138f9a759 PDF Text Text ZfO 30.06.1994 12:15 News from Radio Muhabura: Voice of RPF. the 1. The Voice of RPF declared that if the French soldiers could not retrieve all the threatened people from their hides in bushed and mountains, they had to leave and let the inkotanyi do it as they had bet. The journalist added that if they did not leave at time the RPF would fight them anywhere it would meet them. 2. The Paris magazine "Lettre du Continent" has issued a French plan to conquer Rwanda and Burundi thank to the help of Mobutu of Zaire. The magazine in its long article revealed during the OAU Presidential cession in Tunis, Egypt agreed with Zaire to let the latter [Zaire] follow up the help of the Rwandese Government previously ensured by Egypt. The Voice of RPF reminded that both Zaire and Egypt had been pointed at by the Front for having always supplied weapons and ammunition to the dictatorial regime of Habyalimana and to the bloody Government chaired by Kambanda. The article went on discovering that Mobutu had planned to appoint Tongo wa Ndongo as the Prime Minister (he has in fact been appointed the Prime Minister), for the latter had in turn promised to help Mobutu to build up the plan of selling Rwanda and Burundi. The magazine went on that during the ceremonies of Mandela's enthroning, the US Vice-President had advised the Rwanda neighboring Heads of States would meet in Tanzania and discuss on the Rwandese case in order to find out a long-lasting solution to the crisis. And at that time, continues the article, Mobutu and French authorities thought of a plan to sell the country. The RPF Voice journalist precised that the US VicePresident was not aware of the plot. The article affirmed that Mobutu Presidential Guards had been sent inside the country to around 80 km to help the RGF and the journalist of RPF Voice added that this was true, for even Radio Rwanda had unknowingly warned people of the North at the boarder with Zaire to be vigilant because some unknown people were seen infiltrating through the country in Zairian military uniforms. The magazine spoke of 3 military camps built in Zaire in which they have started training hutu interahamwe with the cooperation of the French soldiers. It revealed that 2 camps were set in Goma where only the interahamwe of North (abakiga) were trained and that the last one was in Bukavu where they chose to train the interahamwe of the South (abanyenduga). It explained this segregation with the fact that they feared that the interahamwe of the South would refuse to attack the country, or would join the RPF in the liberating war. The author said that a Zairian major [I did not get his name but it was given] was in charge of the training of the interahamwe and supplying ammunition of the Rwandese Presidential guards and that General Barameto, a Zairian officer was in charge of guarding the city of Gisenyi. The RPF journalist commenting on this information, advanced that the so called French intervention is nothing else than a means to start implementing France's wicked plan to �conquer Rwanda and Burundi. However, she said that French authorities had started having problems to convince the interahamwe of Bukavu- those coming from the South-to attack the country. The French authorities declared, had gone on the article, that they were disappointed with the RGF misbehavior and cowardice despite the French moral and material support. The RPF journalist estimated that the French authorities, disappointed with the RGF, had decided to train the interahamwe and chosen to set their .barracks in Goma and bukavu where they would easily train them. In the meanwhile, the Rwandese Foreign Affairs Minister has written to Mitterand begging ammunition and it was said that France has officially refused but the journalist added that all what France has been doing for the oppressors in Rwanda never appeared officially. She also indicated that the Prime Minister had not hidden his joy when the French were accepted to come to Rwanda, for he was aware of the plot. The magazine also informed that the spouse of the late President were going to leave in RSA in a "villa" that Mobutu had bought to the Presidential family. The RPF journalist criticized the declaration of the French Minister of Defence that they could not evacuate the threatened population. For her, it was better letting them in the bushes and mountains rather than showing them the interahamwe. She sustained General DALLAIRE's suggestion that the French would spend a short time in Rwanda before UNAMIR II starts its job. 3. * The Government has lost control of the situation, declared the journalist referring to a letter the Prime Minister and the President of Rwanda have written to the French President. In the letter, they declared to be concerned with the people in the RPF held zones and ask him that the French troops would be deployed in that area. It was reported that France has refused. The journalist informed that people who were in the RPF held zones had decided at will to stay and that the Government was ashamed of the failure of the propaganda it had been spreading out that the Front did not have any adherent within the country. She added that the Prime Minister was disappointed, for he had bet that the RPF would not find any living human being in the country even if it happened that it took it. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 June 30 1215 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Radio Muhabura Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 June 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s03_ss02 1994 May Orphan Pages 2-3 F228.D5 F228 Language A language of the resource English, French Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Subject The topic of the resource Rwandan Genocide-Rwanda-1994; Mass media and ethnic relations; Radio stations Title A name given to the resource 1994 June 30 1215 News Reports by National Radio on Rwanda - Radio Muhabura Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/9259f6f883bbcd9f51d977dd3a1ae5bc.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=tW-9ePE05W7cHOEqCLXJg9AgvtIKPE93kHiPVkhVMYMKxm8Yxx%7Ew3GTmtBSL84k%7EnWVDeukyHGD67LXEyPEnyQCYu0eoEdGwC%7EXHxAAcDS0TumvEhafUSbX3PZrOEVfROGH-c1YuaOgyyUWMTscfaAL2-kPydaxKFI0fOIlADf7ZCu8FH-DhRmttqvmzc5AKK02AimV59Nr-4ryoIDZm8A%7EyOxQYDq08WlZN2MusGzPGbqddL4G1QTqdRhq0eFeDsvwGGfor0KggVWSzwyB6V3KLXl3UlTQbrIb7vmBeWtGLEiT%7EuiB7uGFYoNhoMNgst9ZC54xa13WaaOgK-o2PEw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 8ae932a30efa63cef814b916947cf455 PDF Text Text 30.06.1 994 RTLM 1. Today at 09:06 AM, Habima na Cantan o, a journa list on RTLM radio declare d that Genera l Romeo DALLAIRE, " the RPF envoy" had gone to Goma to meet the French Genera l comman ding the French troops who came for a human itarian interve ntion in Rwanda in order "convin ce him how the French could work with the inkotan yi" . He said that Genera l had declare d to the press that the French were going to work and UNAMIR would work in the RPF held zones; Follow ing this intervi ew by the Genera l, he invited the Rwande se to be vigila nt, for "Gener al DALLAIRE wanted to give to tutsi their own country : the RPF held territo ry". He added that the Rwande se would never accept that their country be divided into two parts and affirme d that the youth would soon start to counte rattack in order to win back all the RPF held zones. He went on saying that it was unfair to UN peace- keepin g troops to serve only in one side of the warrin g faction s. 2. Nkurun ziza Ananie , a~othe r journa list on the same radio in "Press Review ", a chroni cle about Rwanda in the intern ationa l broadc asts reporte d that a human itarian organi zations for cripple s went to Burund i yesterd ay to see if any assista nce could be given to people maimed due to thrashi ng of all kinds. The journa list affirme d that the envoys had found tha1 . a lot of Hutu were mutila ted by the inyenz i. The envoys declare d Lhat they were plannin g to meet the RPF repres entativ es in Brusse ls and ask them the author ization to get to Burund i from the RPF contro lled areas in the South of Rwanda in order to assess the situati on of refugee s in the North of Burund i. 3. The journa list came back on the intervi ew given by the former Minist er of Financ es, Mr Rugene ra Marc to the RFI corresp ondent in Byumba where the former had sought refuge . The journa list ridicul ed the former minist er who "was speakin g of the Democ ratic Forces for Change (an old coaliti on of modera te opposi tion parties ) . He indica ted that the change was already made, for the inyenz i's suppor ters [moder ate oppone nts] had joined their friends . He remind ed that the minist er had refused to purcha se weapon s and ammun ition for the RGF at a time he was still the minist er of finance s. He also added that he had tried to destroy the Nation al Bank while dismis sing the Bank Govern or. 4. Gahigi Gaspar d, anothe r j ournal ist, spoke of the French interve ntion in Rwanda . He mainta ined that the missio n was not yet fully started as long as the French did not yet go into the RPF held zones to redeem some hutu rescue s from the "genoc ide" commit ted by the inyenz i. He critici sed thE: foreign journa lists who "are busy reporti ng that the French have saved 10,000 of tut si threate ned by the hutu" but never mentio ned anythin g concer ning hutu who were blocke d into the inkotan yi held territo ries. He urged the French to come to Kigali and save the @P~la tion who was threate ned �. ,. with the "inye nzi" mort ar shel ls at the mark et, into thei r hous es and into hosp itals . He also asked them to go into the "inye nzi held zones " and redee m nume rous hutu trenc hes, bush es and every wher e in bana na plan hidde n in tatio ns in Byum ba, Kibun go and rura l Kiga li. He put forw ards that for him the Frenc h inter vent ion had not start ed yet since they had not yet redee med the hutu in the East , for hutu were attac ked and it was unth inka ble to save only tuts i. He conc luded with sayin g that if the Fren ch had reall y come for a huma nitar ian actio n, th~y woul d go to the RPF held terri torie s to save some h1Jt '.l rescu c:,s. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 June 30 0906 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RTLM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 June 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s03_ss02 1994 May 31 2000 1930 C4.D5 F228 Language A language of the resource English, French Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Subject The topic of the resource Rwandan Genocide-Rwanda-1994; Mass media and ethnic relations; Radio stations Title A name given to the resource 1994 June 30 0906 News Reports by National Radio on Rwanda - RTLM Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/ddc98cf4d3bad35fe0e9875f234343f9.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=YIzU6L9U39nEHnTvH5e8nCf8S%7EJMhassUG35dFQTteT%7EE7UqYzPb-XaElsSqfEIyOnGsGSDrfx%7E4KUbJqUWq-7ZpsXQKDJdZ1M5g7oa%7EFqsqZ6zycxj0sakLHxxCSTs2vG-UHfIpMgp%7EcyKYadExqrsEU7Kw5q8%7EvkvGjCDw9xjxBLzq4DdoejJxi0bxyRY%7EJXRj4Fi67wGpAyh-5kMm%7E11yGKYy9MlWpjAW5mFet6WBOgk%7EzhmypE3EIuxTHgx7Zyo%7Elte0p1v7DF65uggnfIpYZZMbdgriItD8ti7kif3K2FcmswmSPj6zEKYaIcoI6GPUGf143BCxty1IsaSbUg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM aa25986881d315b9537ef39b3439d806 PDF Text Text RTLM · 1. Today at 9:03 AM, Habimana Cantano, a journalist at RTLM, commented on the decision of the UN Secretary General to extend the appointment of General DALLAIRE in his post as the UNAMIR Force Commander. He said that the UN Secretary General ought to know that Rwanda is a sovereign country and that they would not accept anyone imposed to them. He reminded that RTLM did not persecute DALLAIRE as some journalists had lied but that it had repeated the Government's wish to replace DALLAIRE. He added that RTLM had only proved his incompetence, for he failed to publish the results of inquiries of massacres in Kirambo. He went on saying that Boutros Boutros Ghali had also started being partial, for if he had accepted to change Booh Boob to please the inyenzi, he would have also agreed on changing General DALLAIRE as the Rwandese Government had requested his departure. He told he would advise General DALLAIRE to c l ~ im his last salary from the inkotanyi a ~d then pack his luq gage and quit the country. 2. An unknown radio is going to start broadc asting in North Ki v u region (Zaire). The journalist declared that the Radio would be called "Reporter Sans Front~eres" and that unfortunately UNESCO was going to participa te in it at 20%. He maintained that Reporter Sans Frontieres like Medecins Sans Frontieres are pro-inkotanyi org anizations; he inc icated that all the things" Sans ?rontieres" are detinitely pro-RPF and that their personr el members were people who were just creating jobs for them2elves. He added that the radio was intended to appoint tutsi who had also been working in MSF, UNDP due to their" smooth words" and their malignity. He called on tutsi to abandon their "smooth language full of lies" and tell the truth. 3. The French soldiers continue to perform their humanitarian action successfully, but journalists accompanying them continue to prove their partiality in the inkotanyi' s favour. He asked the French not to exaggerate, saying that they had found the tutsi who had been hiding in mountains of Kibuye from the resumption of hostilities due to the harassment of the interahamwe and the RGF soldiers. He criticized the French of making their advertisement. He warned tutsi that they would not complain to French that they were harassed, for the French were not going to take them from Rwanda and that the people whom they were denouncing would be their neighbourgs even after the withdrawal of the French. He criticized the attitude of the tutsi who "brought about war" and were crying that Hutu were killing them. He asked them to keep quiet, to try to approach those interahamwe with whom they were going to leave together for ever, and to avoid sharpening hatred between them and hutu. 4. In "Press Review" a news edition of RTLM, Anania Nkurunziza reminded that in a rally of APROSOMA (one of the parties in 1959) at Kinteko (Shyanda commune) in March 1959, it was �said that Hutu were nc@ spi teful, for if they were all tutsi would have been killed or would have left the country. He went on saying that the "inyenzi" declared on internationa l radios that they shelled onto the hutu militia and the RGF only. He informed that however yesterday they shot dead their "kin tutsi" guy at Rugenge in Kiyovu after a lot of other tutsi they had killed on road-blocks. 5. The French humanitarian mission went on in Kibuye, Cyangugu and Gisenyi and the RTLM declared that it supported the action. The journalist affirmed that the inkotanyi were still opposed to the intervention as their "supporter DALLAIRE" has stated on RFI. He reminded that those troops had not come to fight for the RGF. He said that they had come for a peace mission and that the Rwandese needed peace. He also put that nuns who were evacuated to Goma had willingly accepted to stay in Kibuye but that they only left because it was said that inkotanyi were progressing towards Kibuye. So, they Lad left to avoid the inyenzi wickedness against the clergymen. 6. He reported that the RFI corresponden t affirmed that tutsi armed with their home-made weapons were found in the mountains of Kibuye. He thanked God on the behalf of the majority hutu because he thought that those tutsi had kept their weapons to kill hutu once the inkotanyi would arrive in Kibuye. He called on all the hutu of Kibuye to thank the French who managed to find out those hidden "ibyitso" (supporters) who were prepared to exterminate the hutu. He declared that General DALLAIRE had decided with his own initiative to meet the French High Commanding General in /) l order to inform him of troubles his mission had brought o between him [DALLAIRE] and the RPF. The journalist indicated that if General DALLAIRE was refused by the inkotanyi after the Government, "he should pack and get out of the country". He denounced the RFI corresponden t who "was making propaganda in favour of RPF while reporting that he had talked to a RGF Lt.Col. who had declared that the RGF were happy with the French intervention. He said that the journalist wanted to convince the internationa l community of the cowardice of the RGF army. Coming back on the French intervention , he put that tutsi in presence of French, they said whatever they had to say against hutu. He indicated that they still kept their arrogance towards hutu and that hutu would give a deserved punishment to the RPF supporters as the Prefect of Butare had declared in Ndora Commune (Butare). 7. The USA had changed their policy concerning Rwanda. The journalist indicated that Americans were lied by the Tutsi who had fled to USA and the Belgian who called themselves the "specialists of Rwanda". He criticised the policy of the current American ambassador in Rwanda, his predecessor and the former cultural Attache, miss Linda whom he accused of being a particular friend of the RPF officer, Col. Karenzi Karake, for all of them did not explain the American Government of the hutu-tutsi problem between �Rwandese while they knew it. 8. Gahigi Gaspard, another{Q)ournalist on RTLM radio came back on General DALLAIRE visit to Goma. He said that General had gone to Goma to tell the French that they are against him. He declared that they had proved that General was incompetent through his failure to publish the results of the inquiries of massacres in Kirambo, and his incapacity to discipline the Belgian soldiers who were serving with UNAMIR- "an important condition for an valuable officer". He stated that General should not have gone to see the French but that he should have addressed the UNATIONS, for they were his employers and they have covered the mission. He maintained that General was probably afraid of not commanding UNAMIR I I . He wondered why the General was afraid and put that he has to, for the French were going to spend only two months here in Rwanda; "therefore they were not coming to replace him", had the journalist gone on. He repeated his request to the Government that General DALLAIRE would be declared "persona non Grata" in Rwanda because it was unfair for him to Command UNAMIR Il � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 June 30 0906 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RTLM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 June 30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s03_ss02 1994 May 30 1230 C4.D5 F228 Language A language of the resource English, French Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Subject The topic of the resource Rwandan Genocide-Rwanda-1994; Mass media and ethnic relations; Radio stations Title A name given to the resource 1994 June 29 0903 News Reports by National Radio on Rwanda - RTLM Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/e36af4715574a9b150ac84cadf180829.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=QeUvk1KTaPGYijsZj6Jv3yjObJnV0eK6UjDh7mSgarjF5Dx6VdRfPqvGrDL9un4Lk-dKmisYJNzL57QVPuK7auk2yfkdVb6wgpQkNpWiw9ZsCUMOtABDgJSa2vLiJ18Vjqks%7EO3dYR59Xg0Gsb4h0s4P0CVga3BHHS3hsDwxLszOceE1Nmppe3qnFNMTc0JSb0EZYQUfd4NZ8NPR9ieMkFD9V%7EwLwoHQXNq%7EW3FBDCs5PsHtw2Wr3E6MQd--wisBpAZe2ydVyn7%7Ekduz3MImuks51pXnIPf4qtwUrtME--GVhfPgN3xHro8K%7EP263xeKYrOrDUut0rYsa7mDjWuIlg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 43dc4f1ed7bb27f5b00ecb607324a485 PDF Text Text 27.06.1994 RTLM 1. Today at 9:10, the RTLM journalist Gahigi Gaspard, commenting on the French intervention in Rwanda and misunderstanding between French and the interahamwe in Kibuye, asked the Government to brief the youth so as to t'j:;-know how to behave when the French will arrive in Kigali . He blamed the Rwandese au -horities for their carelessnes s, for he heard the • French Commanding Officer in . Gisenyi declaring that he had asked the interahamwe why they were guarding road-blocks and for him, this is unfair for the Government: the interlocutor of the French should not in any case be a simple peasant at a road-block. Yet he r thanked the French officer for having opted for a way of t talk with the people at road-blocks. 2. He also reported that some foreign journalists supporting the inyenzi wanted the French soldiers to crash with the Interahamwe while lying that some hutu extremists were against the French intervention in Kibuye and Cyangugu. 3. ~ trongly criticized the BBC correspondent in Cyangugu who guessed in his report, -only by --iooking at t h e bl ood marks on the soil of thecourtyard of Domimican nuns house, that a lot of tutsi were butchered. The RTLM journalist wondered how a mere look at marks might determine the identity of the victims. He reminded that he has always been asking people who really liked this country to forget about the past and to forget, if they really needed reconciliation of the Rwandese population. He also warned / the French to do the humanitarian action they have come for ~ without bringing back to the Rwandese memory the misdeeds of the past. He at the same time urged the Rwandese government to approach the French and ask them to come soon j~ to Kigali to see how the inyenzi shell onto civilians at the market and to the RPF held zones to investigate on the massacres of hutu majority. He invited the French to come and see by themselves their true enemies in the RPF held zones. 4. Habimana Kantano, another journalist of the same radio, commenting on fights of Kigali Mount affirmed that there had been three serious attacks but every time the inyenzi were defeated. He also informed that last night Rebero was burned by the RPF as a sign of defeat, for they did not want to let the interahamwe feast at Rebero Hotel. He explained that it was not on Kigali Mount as ignorant journalists tended to affirm. 5. He said that the inyenzi had convinced UNAMIR that they were going to take power within three days and would let UNAMIR come back to II eat their dollars 11 ; that was the reason why UNAMIR had stayed in Nairobi, Kampala and Bujumbura . He went on stating that when they [UNAMIR] realized that it was impossible for the inyenzi to get power and that the French initiated the Humanitarian intervention, the UNATIONS found a way to redeem their faces and accepted to cover the French intervention t �thinking the French would plead for forgiveness in favour / of the UNATIONS. 4. The journalist ridiculed the Burundese tutsi for having demonstrated against the French intervention and warned ! them to wait for the hutu majority to finish up with the inkotanyi and said they were going to prove them that how ~ the arrogance of tutsi would be uprooted once for ever in both Rwanda and Burundi. As for the embargo, he said that 1 it was impossible to hinder a country to buy weapons, for \f it has friends and they might even enter illegal and secretly. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 June 27 0910 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RTLM Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 June 27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s03_ss02 1994 May 30 0925 C4.D5 F228 Language A language of the resource English, French Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Subject The topic of the resource Rwandan Genocide-Rwanda-1994; Mass media and ethnic relations; Radio stations Title A name given to the resource 1994 June 27 0910 News Reports by National Radio on Rwanda - RTLM Type The nature or genre of the resource text https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/56666/archive/files/cfd7678050d9e5a53cc0328d42ca5776.pdf?Expires=1781740800&Signature=Hkp0ijHWES29i9KIdTcD3IGiIzLEU3x7w4no6mh3V29CpWLWDGbB9g9Eq9B2OiqGSJmd8iZwbtm9wvMwOh2Y9aABexO1O9eaXVcmCid-vZW7iUddg4Vz5iW8Dr2sUPxaDnwxYsyYKD0Hbm6j4228wg-IlFQ9EgVkGOJahElvVC4VNGC6x1uXVhd96NrjaiKESqcXU9BJXNvqAxwjWak8DSUdEfMeJYkAzPYK0v2zDuef8m1lk%7Ey4x9xAo7LVg%7EzHHdyBJk5Uc12BpR-Z3DUC90Ztyg%7EOiBNj3CKArShNrpolQEtFf9TrAMLGbWnc6XNRJO6ljumrb1n-DDwfIMGyFQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 43dc4f1ed7bb27f5b00ecb607324a485 PDF Text Text 27.06.1994 RTLM 1. Today at 9:10, the RTLM journalist Gahigi Gaspard, commenting on the French intervention in Rwanda and misunderstanding between French and the interahamwe in Kibuye, asked the Government to brief the youth so as to t'j:;-know how to behave when the French will arrive in Kigali . He blamed the Rwandese au -horities for their carelessnes s, for he heard the • French Commanding Officer in . Gisenyi declaring that he had asked the interahamwe why they were guarding road-blocks and for him, this is unfair for the Government: the interlocutor of the French should not in any case be a simple peasant at a road-block. Yet he r thanked the French officer for having opted for a way of t talk with the people at road-blocks. 2. He also reported that some foreign journalists supporting the inyenzi wanted the French soldiers to crash with the Interahamwe while lying that some hutu extremists were against the French intervention in Kibuye and Cyangugu. 3. ~ trongly criticized the BBC correspondent in Cyangugu who guessed in his report, -only by --iooking at t h e bl ood marks on the soil of thecourtyard of Domimican nuns house, that a lot of tutsi were butchered. The RTLM journalist wondered how a mere look at marks might determine the identity of the victims. He reminded that he has always been asking people who really liked this country to forget about the past and to forget, if they really needed reconciliation of the Rwandese population. He also warned / the French to do the humanitarian action they have come for ~ without bringing back to the Rwandese memory the misdeeds of the past. He at the same time urged the Rwandese government to approach the French and ask them to come soon j~ to Kigali to see how the inyenzi shell onto civilians at the market and to the RPF held zones to investigate on the massacres of hutu majority. He invited the French to come and see by themselves their true enemies in the RPF held zones. 4. Habimana Kantano, another journalist of the same radio, commenting on fights of Kigali Mount affirmed that there had been three serious attacks but every time the inyenzi were defeated. He also informed that last night Rebero was burned by the RPF as a sign of defeat, for they did not want to let the interahamwe feast at Rebero Hotel. He explained that it was not on Kigali Mount as ignorant journalists tended to affirm. 5. He said that the inyenzi had convinced UNAMIR that they were going to take power within three days and would let UNAMIR come back to II eat their dollars 11 ; that was the reason why UNAMIR had stayed in Nairobi, Kampala and Bujumbura . He went on stating that when they [UNAMIR] realized that it was impossible for the inyenzi to get power and that the French initiated the Humanitarian intervention, the UNATIONS found a way to redeem their faces and accepted to cover the French intervention t �thinking the French would plead for forgiveness in favour / of the UNATIONS. 4. The journalist ridiculed the Burundese tutsi for having demonstrated against the French intervention and warned ! them to wait for the hutu majority to finish up with the inkotanyi and said they were going to prove them that how ~ the arrogance of tutsi would be uprooted once for ever in both Rwanda and Burundi. As for the embargo, he said that 1 it was impossible to hinder a country to buy weapons, for \f it has friends and they might even enter illegal and secretly. � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource UNAMIR Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Rwanda, 1994 June 27 0910 1900 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource RTLM, Radio Rwanda Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1994 June 27 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource paper Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Dallaire_s03_ss02 1994 May 29 1500 C4.D5 F228 Language A language of the resource English, French Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available USMA Library and Resnick Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies Relation A related resource Lieutenant-General Roméo A. Dallaire Papers, United States Military Academy Library Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Permission required; resources, including descriptive content and metadata found in the USMA Library—as part of the public domain—are equally available to all. Some materials held within the USMA Library, Archives, and Special Collections may be subject to copyright restriction and/or other use restrictions, as outlined by gift agreement terms. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Dallaire, Roméo A. Subject The topic of the resource Rwandan Genocide-Rwanda-1994; Mass media and ethnic relations; Radio stations Title A name given to the resource 1994 June 27 0910 1900 News Reports by National Radio on Rwanda - RTLM - Radio Rwanda Type The nature or genre of the resource text